/* Home page refresh: journal-first hierarchy, shared by Arabic and English views. */
.journal-home {
    --ink: #122d2b;
    --ink-soft: #52615f;
    --paper: #fffefa;
    --mist: #f2f5f2;
    --line: #d8e2dc;
    --accent: #b88a42;
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.journal-home *, .journal-home *::before, .journal-home *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
.journal-home a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }
.journal-shell { width: min(1180px, calc(100% - 40px)); margin-inline: auto; }
.home-section { padding: 84px 0; }

.journal-hero {
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
    min-height: 560px;
    padding: 72px 0 66px;
    color: #fff;
    background: #123b35;
    background-image: radial-gradient(circle at 84% 20%, rgba(194, 152, 78, .23), transparent 23rem), linear-gradient(121deg, #0e302c 0%, #15483d 100%);
}
.journal-hero::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    z-index: -1;
    inset: 0;
    opacity: .36;
    background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255,255,255,.05) 1px, transparent 1px), linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.05) 1px, transparent 1px);
    background-size: 34px 34px;
    mask-image: linear-gradient(to left, #000, transparent 70%);
}
.hero-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.08fr) minmax(310px, .92fr); gap: 72px; align-items: center; }
.hero-copy { max-width: 680px; }
.hero-eyebrow, .section-kicker { margin: 0 0 13px; color: var(--accent); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .77rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .12em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.hero-eyebrow { color: #e4c580; }
.hero-copy h1 { max-width: 680px; margin: 0; color: #fff; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 5.4vw, 4.7rem); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.06; }
.hero-description { max-width: 640px; margin: 23px 0 30px; color: rgba(255,255,255,.83); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.13rem; line-height: 1.85; }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 12px; }
.home-button { display: inline-flex; min-height: 48px; align-items: center; justify-content: center; gap: 13px; border: 1px solid transparent; border-radius: 2px; padding: 10px 21px; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .94rem; font-weight: 700; transition: transform .2s ease, background-color .2s ease, color .2s ease; }
.home-button:hover { transform: translateY(-2px); }
.home-button-primary { background: #e5c278; color: #17342f !important; }
.home-button-primary:hover { background: #f1d492; }
.home-button-secondary { border-color: rgba(255,255,255,.55); color: #fff !important; }
.home-button-secondary:hover { border-color: #fff; background: rgba(255,255,255,.1); }
.hero-facts { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 0; margin: 43px 0 0; padding: 0; }
.hero-facts li { display: grid; gap: 4px; min-width: 142px; padding-inline: 18px; border-inline-start: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.25); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; }
.hero-facts li:first-child { padding-inline-start: 0; border-inline-start: 0; }
.hero-facts strong { color: #fff; font-size: .85rem; font-weight: 700; }
.hero-facts span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.68); font-size: .77rem; }

.hero-issue { position: relative; min-height: 415px; display: grid; place-items: center; padding: 25px 0 56px; }
.cover-orbit { position: absolute; width: 342px; aspect-ratio: 1; border: 1px solid rgba(230, 201, 142, .45); border-radius: 50%; box-shadow: 0 0 0 24px rgba(255,255,255,.04), 0 0 0 58px rgba(255,255,255,.025); }
.cover-orbit::before, .cover-orbit::after { content: ""; position: absolute; width: 11px; height: 11px; border-radius: 50%; background: #e4c580; }
.cover-orbit::before { top: 13%; inset-inline-start: 4%; }
.cover-orbit::after { bottom: 5%; inset-inline-end: 9%; width: 7px; height: 7px; background: #fff; }
.hero-cover { position: absolute; width: 209px; overflow: hidden; background: #193f39; box-shadow: 0 22px 46px rgba(0,0,0,.33); }
.hero-cover img { display: block; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.hero-cover-back { transform: translate(74px, -24px) rotate(8deg); opacity: .58; filter: saturate(.78); }
.hero-cover-middle { transform: translate(-67px, 15px) rotate(-9deg); opacity: .78; }
.hero-cover-front { z-index: 2; height: 292px; transform: translateY(-4px); transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; }
.hero-cover-front:hover { transform: translateY(-10px); box-shadow: 0 28px 55px rgba(0,0,0,.45); }
.hero-issue-caption { position: absolute; z-index: 3; bottom: 0; width: min(100%, 292px); padding: 13px 17px 14px; border-inline-start: 3px solid #e4c580; background: rgba(9, 38, 33, .83); box-shadow: 0 10px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.12); backdrop-filter: blur(7px); }
.hero-issue-caption span, .hero-issue-caption small { display: block; color: #d7be88; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .69rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.hero-issue-caption strong { display: block; margin: 4px 0; color: #fff; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .94rem; line-height: 1.3; }
.hero-empty-cover { position: relative; z-index: 2; display: grid; width: 230px; height: 292px; place-items: center; padding: 35px; background: #f8f3e8; box-shadow: 0 22px 46px rgba(0,0,0,.33); }
.hero-empty-cover img { max-width: 150px; }

.section-heading { display: flex; align-items: end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; margin-bottom: 35px; }
.section-heading h2, .about-main h2, .network-grid h2 { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.55rem); font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.15; }
.section-link, .text-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; color: #225d51 !important; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .92rem; font-weight: 750; white-space: nowrap; }
.section-link span, .text-link span, .issue-link span { transition: transform .2s ease; }
.section-link:hover span, .text-link:hover span, .issue-link:hover span { transform: translateX(-4px); }

.issues-section { padding-top: 73px; }
.issues-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 22px; }
.issue-card { display: flex; min-width: 0; flex-direction: column; border: 1px solid #dde4df; background: #fff; box-shadow: 0 10px 25px rgba(20,56,48,.055); transition: transform .22s ease, box-shadow .22s ease; }
.issue-card:hover { transform: translateY(-5px); box-shadow: 0 18px 36px rgba(20,56,48,.12); }
.issue-cover { display: block; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: .75; background: #e6eae7; }
.issue-cover img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; transition: transform .4s ease; }
.issue-card:hover .issue-cover img { transform: scale(1.04); }
.issue-card-content { display: flex; min-height: 190px; flex: 1; flex-direction: column; padding: 18px 18px 19px; }
.issue-year { margin: 0 0 8px; color: #9a783e; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .77rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .07em; }
.issue-card h3 { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.08rem; font-weight: 750; line-height: 1.4; }
.issue-summary { display: -webkit-box; margin: 10px 0 14px; overflow: hidden; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .86rem; line-height: 1.6; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; }
.issue-link { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; margin-top: auto; color: #225d51 !important; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .82rem; font-weight: 750; }
.archive-callout { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto; align-items: center; gap: 15px; margin-top: 36px; border: 1px solid #cbd9d1; padding: 18px 21px; background: #f2f6f3; transition: border-color .2s ease, background-color .2s ease; }
.archive-callout:hover { border-color: #7fa697; background: #eaf2ed; }
.archive-icon { display: grid; width: 36px; height: 36px; place-items: center; border-radius: 50%; background: #e1c27d; color: #143c35; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.8rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1; }
.archive-callout strong, .archive-callout small { display: block; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; }
.archive-callout strong { color: var(--ink); font-size: .98rem; }
.archive-callout small { margin-top: 3px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-size: .84rem; }
.archive-arrow { color: #225d51; font-size: 1.3rem; }
.empty-issues { display: grid; justify-items: start; gap: 16px; padding: 35px; border: 1px solid var(--line); background: var(--mist); }
.empty-issues p { margin: 0; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; }

.about-section { background: var(--mist); }
.about-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.04fr) minmax(360px, .96fr); gap: 80px; align-items: center; }
.about-main > p:not(.section-kicker) { max-width: 610px; margin: 22px 0 22px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.86; }
.about-highlights { display: grid; border-top: 1px solid #ccd9d2; }
.about-highlights > div { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 43px 1fr; column-gap: 15px; padding: 17px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd9d2; }
.about-highlights span { grid-row: span 2; color: #b18845; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .78rem; font-weight: 750; }
.about-highlights strong { color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; }
.about-highlights small { margin-top: 5px; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .83rem; line-height: 1.45; }

.news-list { border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 76px minmax(0, 1fr) 42px; gap: 23px; align-items: center; padding: 23px 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-item time { display: grid; justify-items: center; border-inline-end: 1px solid var(--line); padding-inline-end: 18px; color: #326a5d; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; }
.news-item time strong { font-size: 1.65rem; line-height: 1; }
.news-item time span { margin-top: 5px; font-size: .75rem; font-weight: 750; text-transform: uppercase; }
.news-item time small { margin-top: 2px; color: #71817c; font-size: .7rem; }
.news-item h3 { margin: 0; color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.12rem; font-weight: 750; line-height: 1.35; }
.news-item p { display: -webkit-box; max-width: 760px; margin: 7px 0 0; overflow: hidden; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .87rem; line-height: 1.5; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 1; }
.round-link { display: grid; width: 38px; height: 38px; place-items: center; border: 1px solid #b9ccc2; border-radius: 50%; color: #225d51 !important; transition: background-color .2s ease, color .2s ease; }
.round-link:hover { background: #225d51; color: #fff !important; }
.section-empty { margin: 0; padding: 25px 0; color: var(--ink-soft); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; }

.impact-section { color: #fff; background: #143e37; }
.section-heading-light h2 { color: #fff; }
.section-heading-light .section-kicker { color: #e4c580; }
.section-heading-light .section-link { color: #f1d79f !important; }
.trust-strip { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); margin-bottom: 24px; border: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
.trust-strip div { display: grid; gap: 6px; padding: 17px 21px; border-inline-end: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
.trust-strip div:last-child { border: 0; }
.trust-strip span { color: rgba(255,255,255,.62); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .72rem; letter-spacing: .08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.trust-strip strong { color: #fff; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .98rem; }
.impact-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(4, minmax(0, 1fr)); gap: 14px; }
.impact-card { position: relative; display: flex; min-height: 148px; align-items: end; overflow: hidden; padding: 18px; background: #215349; transition: transform .2s ease, background-color .2s ease; }
.impact-card:hover { transform: translateY(-4px); background: #286456; }
.impact-card img { position: absolute; z-index: 0; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; padding: 20px; background: #f7f8f5; }
.impact-card:has(img)::after { content: ""; position: absolute; z-index: 1; inset: 0; background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(9,39,33,.84), transparent 64%); }
.impact-card span { position: relative; z-index: 2; max-width: calc(100% - 28px); color: #fff; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .9rem; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.35; }
.impact-card i { position: absolute; z-index: 2; inset-inline-end: 17px; bottom: 17px; color: #e5c278; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.1rem; font-style: normal; }

.journal-network { padding-bottom: 92px; }
.network-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1.2fr) minmax(320px, .8fr); gap: 75px; align-items: start; }
.team-links { margin-top: 26px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.team-links a { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 43px 1fr auto; gap: 11px; align-items: center; padding: 17px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .98rem; font-weight: 700; transition: color .2s ease; }
.team-links a:hover { color: #246451; }
.team-links span { color: #a78143; font-size: .74rem; }
.team-links b { color: #246451; font-size: 1.15rem; font-weight: 400; }
.researcher-panel { padding: 29px 30px; border-top: 4px solid #c79e56; background: #f1f5f2; }
.researcher-panel p { margin: 0 0 5px; color: #9e7b42; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .72rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: .09em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.researcher-panel h3 { margin: 0 0 19px; color: var(--ink); font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: 1.25rem; }
.researcher-panel a { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; gap: 15px; padding: 12px 0; border-top: 1px solid #d2ddd6; color: #245e50 !important; font-family: Cabin, sans-serif; font-size: .89rem; font-weight: 700; }

html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .hero-actions span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .section-link span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .text-link span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .issue-link span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .round-link span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .archive-arrow, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .team-links b, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .researcher-panel a span { transform: rotate(180deg); }
html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .section-link:hover span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .text-link:hover span, html[dir="ltr"] .journal-home .issue-link:hover span { transform: translateX(4px) rotate(180deg); }

@media (max-width: 980px) {
    .hero-grid, .about-grid, .network-grid { gap: 42px; }
    .issues-grid, .impact-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr)); }
    .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(290px, .75fr); }
}
@media (max-width: 720px) {
    .journal-shell { width: min(100% - 28px, 1180px); }
    .home-section { padding: 58px 0; }
    .journal-hero { min-height: auto; padding: 55px 0 45px; }
    .hero-grid, .about-grid, .network-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .hero-grid { gap: 20px; }
    .hero-copy h1 { font-size: clamp(2.35rem, 11vw, 3.4rem); }
    .hero-description { margin: 18px 0 24px; font-size: 1rem; }
    .hero-facts { margin-top: 29px; }
    .hero-facts li { min-width: 110px; padding-inline: 11px; }
    .hero-issue { min-height: 355px; transform: scale(.88); transform-origin: top center; margin-bottom: -38px; }
    .section-heading { align-items: start; margin-bottom: 25px; }
    .section-heading h2, .about-main h2, .network-grid h2 { font-size: 1.84rem; }
    .issues-grid, .impact-grid { gap: 13px; }
    .issue-card-content { min-height: 165px; padding: 14px; }
    .issue-card h3 { font-size: .96rem; }
    .issue-summary { display: none; }
    .about-grid, .network-grid { gap: 32px; }
    .news-item { grid-template-columns: 58px minmax(0,1fr) 34px; gap: 13px; padding: 18px 0; }
    .news-item time { padding-inline-end: 11px; }
    .news-item time strong { font-size: 1.35rem; }
    .news-item h3 { font-size: 1rem; }
    .news-item p { display: none; }
    .round-link { width: 32px; height: 32px; }
    .trust-strip { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
    .trust-strip div { border-inline-end: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.18); }
    .trust-strip div:last-child { border-bottom: 0; }
    .researcher-panel { padding: 25px 20px; }
}
@media (max-width: 400px) {
    .hero-actions, .hero-actions .home-button { width: 100%; }
    .hero-facts { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
    .hero-facts li:nth-child(3) { margin-top: 12px; padding-inline-start: 0; border-inline-start: 0; }
    .issues-grid, .impact-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
}